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-BREAKINGVIEWS-Why Geithner is right to go easy on China



-- The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are his own --



By John Foley

HONG KONG, Feb 7 (Reuters Breakingviews) - Timothy Geithner was right not to call China a currency manipulator in his February report to Congress. Doing otherwise could have been counter-productive. The U.S. Treasury Secretary has not gone soft on China for keeping its currency cheap. Instead, he has smartly read the political winds.



Geithner's report pointed to three smoking guns: China's large trade surplus with the United States, which widened in November to $26 billion; the huge pile of foreign currency -- some $2.9 trillion at the last count -- that China has bought up to keep its currency under control; and the largely unchanged real exchange rate. China's yuan has nominally strengthened 4 percent since June, but adjusted for inflation it is cheaper than it was in mid-2008. All three factors suggest a currency below where it should be.



So why stop short of applying the formal label? One reason is that trade flows are still too weak to sustain a U.S.-China tit-for-tat. Proclaiming China a manipulator would oblige Geithner to take steps that could end in unilateral trade sanctions. If China retaliated with curbs on U.S. goods -- as it almost certainly would -- America's already jobless recovery could suffer. Monthly exports from the U.S. to China are now twice what they were at the beginning of 2009.



An even better argument for U.S. restraint is that China is due for big political change. In 2012, President Hu Jintao will step down, and probably hand power to vice president Xi Jinping. Little is known about Xi's views, but he told reporters in 2009 that he doesn't like taking advice from "foreigners with full bellies". For Geithner to take a tough line against the outgoing leadership would at best be pointless, and at worst add an anti-American edge to the handover.



Geithner can afford to wait. China's inflation is above target, with consumer prices rising at around 5 percent a year. That does some of the work a currency appreciation would, pushing up the yuan's "real" value. Besides, the oil price rising above $100 a barrel gives the world's number-two importer an urgent reason to strengthen its currency on a nominal basis as well. The United States may get some of what it wants without having to resort to name-calling.





CONTEXT NEWS

-- No major trade partner of the United States manipulated its currency to prevent balanced trade or gain an unfair commercial advantage, the U.S. Treasury concluded in a semi-annual report to Congress, released on Feb. 4.

-- The report gives Treasury the opportunity to label a trade partner a "currency manipulator". If it does so, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner must instigate negotiations with the country in the International Monetary Fund or bilaterally seek a revaluation of the relevant currency.

-- The U.S. Senate is examining a proposal to consider whether currencies are "fundamentally misaligned". That label would trigger an investigation that might oblige the United States to impose corrective duties.

-- U.S. data due on Feb. 11 is expected to show that the trade deficit widened to $41 billion in December, from $38 billion in November, according to analysts polled by Reuters. The U.S. trade deficit with China widened to $26 billion in November, from an average of $23 billion in the preceding 10 months.

-- Reuters story: U.S. Treasury: Can't say China a forex manipulator [ID:nN04155394]

-- For previous columns by the author, Reuters customers can click on [FOLEY/]

(Editing by Peter Thal Larsen and David Evans)

((john.foley@thomsonreuters.com))

Keywords: BREAKINGVIEWS CHINA/GEITHNER
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